Early menopause rising among women under 40: Causes and warning signs

Premature menopause, also known as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), is affecting more women under 40, disrupting fertility and overall health much earlier than expected. Unlike natural menopause, which typically occurs between ages 45 and 55, POI involves a sharp decline in the number or quality of eggs well before age 40.

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The condition can be difficult to detect early. Many women continue to have periods despite a severely reduced ovarian reserve, making diagnosis challenging without specific tests. Symptoms may include irregular periods, mood changes, and difficulty conceiving.

Primary causes of POI include:

• Genetic factors, especially a family history of early menopause

• Exposure to chemotherapy, radiation, or autoimmune conditions

• Lifestyle habits such as smoking, alcohol use, or extreme stress

Diagnosis has become more accurate with the use of the AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone) blood test and antral follicle count via ultrasound. These tools help identify low ovarian reserve early, offering women a clearer picture of their reproductive health.

Medical experts are urging increased awareness and timely testing, especially for women delaying motherhood. Early detection of POI can lead to better-informed fertility decisions and access to advanced treatments like IVF or egg preservation. A simple test could make all the difference.