Starlink satellites may pose a risk to the Ozone Layer

Concerns are mounting over the environmental impact of satellites re-entering Earth’s atmosphere, particularly those from mega-constellations like Starlink. As these satellites burn upon re-entry, they release aluminum oxide particles, which remain in the upper atmosphere for extended periods. Experts warn that these particles could contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer, which protects the planet from harmful ultraviolet radiation.

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Recent estimates suggest that in 2022 alone, satellite re-entries introduced around 17 metric tons of aluminum oxide into the atmosphere. Each 250-kilogram satellite burning up during re-entry releases approximately 30 kilograms of these particles. With the growing number of satellite launches, the cumulative effect could be significant.

Beyond aluminum oxides, other pollutants from satellite operations include soot, nitrogen oxides, chlorine, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. These emissions stem from both rocket launches and the incineration of satellites during atmospheric re-entry. Scientists believe that these substances may impact atmospheric chemistry, potentially leading to long-term environmental consequences, including disruptions to the ozone layer and shifts in the Earth's upper atmosphere temperature.

With thousands of new satellites expected to be launched in the coming years, experts stress the importance of evaluating the long-term sustainability of space activities. Increased regulation and international cooperation may be necessary to mitigate the environmental risks posed by expanding satellite networks and to ensure the protection of Earth's atmospheric balance.