On Jan 5, Indian scientists track Amur Falcons flying 5,000 km in just five days

Satellite study reveals how tiny migratory Falcons cross oceans using wind power to reach Africa

Birds have long been celebrated in myths, folklore and love stories as messengers that connect distant worlds. While such stories often sound imaginary, new scientific findings have shown that real-life bird journeys can be even more astonishing. Yesterday, on the occasion of National Bird Day (Jan 5), Indian scientists have shared remarkable data about the migration of Amur Falcons, revealing an extraordinary long-distance flight across continents.

Researchers closely monitored three Amur Falcons to study their migration patterns. These birds, though small in size, surprised scientists by covering an enormous distance in a very short time. Satellite data confirmed that the three falcons travelled nearly 5,000 kilometres in just five days, flying nonstop from India to their wintering grounds in Africa.

Migration during breeding and seasonal cycles is common among birds and animals. Some species travel to find safe nesting sites, while others move according to seasonal changes. In the case of Amur Falcons, migration is not limited to short distances or neighbouring regions. These birds regularly travel from one continent to another, crossing vast oceans without resting.

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The three Amur Falcons were released from India under scientific supervision. Each bird weighed roughly between 150 and 200 grams. Despite their light body weight, they managed an intense journey that took them across the Indian landmass, over the Arabian Sea, and finally into Africa’s winter habitats.

According to reports, the falcons completed this journey towards the end of 2025. Conservation experts used satellite transmitters to track every movement of the birds. Their flight path was monitored minute by minute as they crossed countries, seas and continents. The tracking data confirmed that the birds started from forest regions in India’s northeastern states and safely reached the African mainland.

Satellite studies show that Amur Falcons are capable of covering distances between 5,000 and 6,000 kilometres in a single migration phase. These birds routinely cross the Arabian Sea and parts of the western Indian Ocean. Once they leave the Indian landmass, they face a long and dangerous ocean crossing with no place to rest.

Wind patterns play a critical role in this journey. As the birds approach the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean, they encounter strong reverse monsoon winds. These winds act as a natural support system, pushing the falcons forward and reducing the effort needed to flap their wings. Scientists describe the birds as natural gliders, using air currents to conserve energy during long flights.

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Amur Falcons are land-based birds of prey and cannot land on water. If they fall into the sea during flight, survival is impossible. Because of this risk, the birds wait for the most favourable wind conditions before beginning their ocean crossing. Satellite tracking has confirmed that their departure timing is precise and closely linked to wind strength and direction.

These falcons are known for their strict migration schedule. Every year, they spend the winter months in Africa. As winter ends and spring begins, they start their return journey northwards. By May and June, they reach their breeding grounds in Northeast Asia, including parts of China and Russia, where they reproduce.

Scientists say this continuous cycle of migration is one of nature’s most impressive systems. Covering 5,000 kilometres in five days is not an ordinary feat. It is made possible by a combination of natural strength, instinctive timing and favourable wind support.

The findings highlight the Amur Falcon as one of nature’s most extraordinary migratory birds, offering fresh insight into how wildlife adapts and survives across continents through precise natural design.

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